The effect of enzyme concentration on enzyme activity Essay

The effect of enzyme concentration on enzyme activity - Essay Example the more the molecules available, more reaction takes place. This is expressed in units of molarity. In the following experiment, the aim was to determine the effect on the rate of reaction by varying the quantity of the enzyme on the reaction process by measuring a physically/visually perceptible change in colour. A milk protein, Casein was used which is subject to breakdown by the action of a protease enzyme. The idea was to vary the concentration of the protease enzyme in a constant volume of the milk sample and measure the reaction time by the end point, taken as the time taken for the clearing up of the solution. Values for various concentrations were obtained and the results evaluated. The dependent variables in the experiment were the concentration of the milk solution and the enzyme dilutions and the independent variables were visual time measurement, temperature and the degree of mixing the two solutions. Equal volumes of a protease solution and the milk sample (5 cm3) were placed in different test tubes (TT1 & TT2). Milk solution was prepared by dissolving 5 g of milk powder in 100 ml of water. Contents from both tubes were mixed together and the stop watch started. The mixture test tube was placed in front of a white paper marked with a cross and the time measured up to the point when the cross was visible through the solution. This gave the time interval for the disappearance of the substrate and so the time values for the reaction were expressed as a function of 1/T. It is very clear from the above table as well as graph that with the successive decrease in the concentration of the enzyme, it took more time for the solution to clear up indicating that the amount of enzyme influenced the rate of the reaction. This confirms the fact that more the number of enzyme molecules available, the faster will be the rate of the reaction. As a corollary of this result, it can be hypothesized from the result that when more molecules of both the

Contemporary Therapeutic Relationship for a Professional Practitioner Essay

Contemporary Therapeutic Relationship for a Professional Practitioner - Essay Example The five components of effective nurse-client relationships have been identified as â€Å"trust, respect, professional intimacy, empathy and power† (College of Nurses of Ontario, 2009, p. 3). Nurses who work as catalytic agents of change should have good interpersonal skills and a thorough knowledge regarding the dynamics of the therapeutic relationship. While maintaining effective and healthy therapeutic alliances they should also be able to maintain professional boundaries distinguishing their personal or social relationships from that of the therapeutic relationships. Patients or clients in the mental health care are more likely to suffer from feelings of alienation, isolation, and seclusion. Similarly, they come across many crises, troubles, doubts, difficulties, frustrations or concerns in their lives which cannot be tackled without the assistance of a competent therapist or counselor. It is a fact that many of these patients in the mental health care do not receive any s uch positive support or care from their family members or relatives. As such, it is imperative that the nurses offer them ‘unconditional positive regard, accurate empathy, and genuineness’ which are very much essential for the therapeutic relationship and its progress (Egan, 2010, p. 36). It is also important that the negative attitudes and behavior patterns of the clients are addressed at the earliest and that they are assisted to convert these into positive attitudes and behaviors. In a therapeutic relationship, the values, thoughts, and feelings of the nurses interact with those of the clients and therefore it is very much essential that the nurses maintain professional boundaries and stick to the ethical guidelines of professional nursing practice. This paper seeks to explore the significance of maintaining effective and meaningful therapeutic relationships in the mental healthcare setting. Literature Review Critical analysis Many researchers and psychologists have pointed out the importance of therapeutic relationships in mental health care. Researchers such as Elder, Evans, and Nizette (2009, p. 2) regard developing therapeutic relationships as the key to effective mental health nursing and for them, therapeutic alliances are very much necessary for the growth and recovery of patients in the mental health care. The authors also highlight the need to maintain professional boundaries during the therapeutic alliance. Similarly, they also hold that mental health nurses should have a thorough knowledge of not only human and biological sciences; they also are trained to develop effective therapeutic relationships with the patients.